Preparation of a Halogenoalkane Essay

Hence pure product can be obtained when we distillment the compartmentalization at a temperature of 45oC-55oC. Discussion The chemical reaction between HCl and the 2-methylpropan-2-ol forget shew up pres surely in the conical flask. It is because the reaction is exothermic, it causes serious evaporation, large out a large criterion of water vapour. And the sudden design up of pressure whitethorn break the funnel hence HCl is added in 10 portions but not all together. The separating funnel is utilise to freestanding 2 immiscible mould of liquid. When the diverseness is stable, the denser liquid leave be at bottom and the other give be on top.When we commit the tap, the bottom work can be obtained, leaving the upper unmatched left field in the funnel. The liquid at the junction of the 2 floor should be removed as that is a mixture of the 2 form which is impure. Although this can ensure a pure product obtained, but this will lower the yield since some chemical is los t. Anhydrous sodium sulphate is added to make sure all water is removed. Because the presence of water may increase the difficulty of distillation. Since high temperature upgrade the dissolve of product into water. excessively if water is presented in the distillation process, water may evaporate and tarnish the distillate.Hence all water must be removed. The reaction of sodium sulphate with water is as follow Na2SO4+10H2O? Na2SO410H2O Filtration can remove insoluble substance from a mixture. With the use of filter paper, only liquid passes through, the truehearted is left as residue. A clean mixture can hence be obtained. Distillation is used to separate a miscible mixture with distinct boiling point. One liquid can be distillate when the solution reaches its boiling point. The other liquid will be left behind since the temperature is not high enough to vaporize that liquid.The water in of condenser should be at the lower end to make sure water can stay in the condenser for a long-lived time. In this synthesis SN1 reaction is favored for several reasons. Firstly, a 3rd alcohol is presented in the essay. The alcohol we used have 3 alkyl radical group, the molecule is therefore sterically hindered, this will favor SN1. Cl- is the weak base used in the reaction, this will also favor SN1 reaction. Thirdly the carbocation formed, is stable, since the three attached alkyl groups do positive inductive effect on the carbocation, make it less positive.The stable carbocation will also favor the SN1 reaction. It should be state that acrid medium is necessary for the reaction. It is because OH- is a poor living group, in normal situation it may attach back to the carbocation. In an acidic medium, the OH group is protonated first. The breaking of CO bond will sink a H2O molecule which is a stable living group and prevent OH- to interfere the experiment. In the experiment NaHCO3 is used to remove HCl earlier than NaOH or other strong base. It is because a re action between HCl and a strong base will produce a large amount of heat.The increase in temperature combine with the acidic medium will favor elimination which is unwanted and may affect the yielding of the reaction. There atomic number 18 several errors in the experiment the alcohol used in the reaction is volatile, this will unravel to a loss of material during the process. We should perform the experiment faster in order to reduce the loss and to obtain a larger yield of product. When we separate the organic layer and the aqueous layer using the separating funnel, the liquid in the junction of 2 layers is removed. This will run out away some chemical.The loss in the chemical content will reduce the yield. We can improve the situation by removing the organic layer as less as possible. During the transfer of material, some material will be left behind. The loss of material will also reduce the yield. We should wait when we transfer the material, until all material adhere to the surface is transferred. piece of music filtrating, some solution is left on the filter paper, which will lead to a loss of chemical. We should wait until no more liquid is knackered from the filter paper to make sure all chemical is collected.