'Nuclear Weapons & Cold War Essay\r'

'1) How did atomic weapons affect the course of the icy fightfare? The Cold War degree of a lot conflict and tension was between the get together States and the Soviet labor union, along with their respective whollyies, was from the middle of the1940s until the early mathematical function of the 1990s. The building up of nuclear weapons was maybe, the some great of the galore(postnominal) argonnas that the rivaling countries played in. It became known as the nuclear arms race or the â€Å"competition for victory” The disc overy that uranium was a plenty only about the universe of discourse shortly later the second world ar, helped to solidify the nuclear monopoly held by both the join States and USSR.\r\nWhile the joined States had their own imagings for uranium, they soon observe that Eastern europium was providing a steady contribute to the Soviets, until they could develop a source of their own. The United States, who had predicted that the USSR would non drive any nuclear weapons until the mid-1950s, was commodiously surprise when the Soviets detonated their start bomb â€Å"Joe One” on opulent 29, 1949. It was much manage the bomb that the US had dropped on Japan in 1945 nown as the â€Å"Fat patch”. From that point on both governments devoted massive amounts of money, time and resources to increasing their nuclear arsenals.\r\nFirst off, it was the atomic take 1 bombs and then next came the Intercontinental ballistic projectile or â€Å"ICBMs” as they are known. And on Oct. 4, 1957 the Soviet wedlock launched the â€Å"Sputnik”, the US followed with their own on Oct. 31, 1959. During this period of innovation, the world became nervous and scared; they dis treated just how vulnerable they were. Large chthonianground bunkers were built to maintain the presidents and he leadership of the nations, individuals were encouraged to construct fallout shelters and they were a lot taught how to r eact in the case of a nuclear labialise.\r\nWhen both sides realized that any attack upon the other would be suicide for themselves as well, a new policy know as the â€Å" in return Assured Destruction” was satisfactory, and this would, in theory agree both sides from attacking one another. â€Å"The number of nuclear weapons held by the two superpowers during the Cold War increase drastically beca employ of the need for a first name and later a second strike force. The highest song of nuclear warheads held by these powers was approximately 12,000 for the USSR and 10,000 by the US.\r\nThis many nuclear weapons has the potential to destroy life on earth more than 1,500 times over” http://www. pwc. k12. nf. ca/ inhumanwar/plain/armsrace. html. And yet, both sides kept exploring and spending grown amounts of money and resources on developing nuclear weapons. In many respects, the stockpiling of these weapons was by out-of-the-way(prenominal) the most important con tribution made to the world during the cold war period, than any other resource added by any other country.\r\n2) Why has the European spousal relationship found it so difficult to achieve political, affectionate and economic consolidation amongst the member states? Shortly after the Second World War at the University of Zurich, Winston Churchill gave a speech that called for a â€Å"United States of Europe” and the earthly concern of a â€Å"Council of Europe”. This council became the oldest organization in choose of European desegregation since 1949. But, in go against all the enthusiasm of the European citizens, the Council’s mind of integration has struggled for many reasons. One of the main reasons is because at the homogeneous time as the evelopment of the council another â€Å"European coalescency” was being formed.\r\nThis Union was made up of 27 European countries. It was established as the European sparing Community in 1957 under the Treaty of capital of Italy and has undergone many changes since, most notably in 1992 by the Maastricht Treaty”. At first this Union was a wel pay back relief, growth and restructure was happening over night. The European Union was founded upon a number of treaties, and their laws cover a wide range of topics. Both, a legislative branch and the Parliament govern them. And the politics of he European Union primarily covered the economy.\r\nHowever, in that location is unruffled a disagreement on how far the Union should expand. Because of the disagreement, the integration and expansion of the European Union has been slow since the end of the cold war period. overstatement or expansion, together with the signing of new treaties, are seen by some as parallel processes, critical to the Union’s welfare. To many this is known as the â€Å"bicycle theory”. â€Å"The European Union is often compared to a bicycle: if it drive aship canal moving forward it will fa ll over. The bicycle theory to a fault applies to multilateral trade talks”. Bounds, Andrew (2007).\r\nBrussels communicate: Bicycle wobbles on the way to Doha, Financial clips. And like most trade talks, both parties want to come out ahead in the end. Thus, the ongoing integration of the European Union and its member states are congruous contested on the grounds that it reduces it’s members’ guinea pig sovereignty too much. Politically, the Union struggles because neither they’re laws or their political theory offer the belief of a democracy. Their attitudes remain fixed by the idea of a nation state organization and its people. Socially, this makes them tranquillise behind the times.\r\nEconomically, They struggle with the different economic and resource levels of each of the member states. completely these along with the belief of Euroscepticism, or better known as the ohmic resistance to the process of European integration, the Union continues to move forward and yet has been forced to make changes to its policies. Amid the post war trauma, the European Union has become a pharos for organized political growth and upbringing. And today, in spite all the worldwide turmoil and confusion, The Union still spreads forth it’s hand in either effort to encourage global peace and umanitarian assistance to its member states. There is no set ideal in the process of integration, but today at that place is a new focus on the entangled policy making of the European Union.\r\n3) What was `containment` and how did it influence US cold war thinking? The word containment kernel to isolate or to make stagnate. In the price of the cold war, it refers to the foreign policies adapted by the United States under the direction of George Kennan. In the beginning, their policy was to stop all of the outside nations from moving politically towards Soviet Union communism and to ensure that the United States move to ave, what they thou ght would be, the upper hand.\r\nFor ideology as we have seen taught them that the outside world was hostile and that it was their duty to unbalance the political forces beyond their borders. â€Å"(X[Kennan], Foreign Affairs, 1947). They hoped that ultimately in the end thecontainment policies would cause the fall of the Soviet Union and its ally nations. Back in the early years of history, containment was accomplished with the use of brute force or tactics much like an army pickings over a castle and then came the use of treaties and political policies, thus being the cold war period.\r\nToday this is often accomplished by politically using severe sanctions, as in the United States’ dealings with Iraq and Iran. Espionage and sabotage are other ways of creating a containment among a group of people or nations. During the United States’ cold war containment period the policies adapted by President Truman experienced some study setbacks through the opposition of the Soviet Union, and by the Time the United States pulled out of the Vietnam war and the Koran conflict, in that location wasn’t mush credit given to the containment policies and ideas, anymore.\r\nSo the United States started a new heory of â€Å"detente” or amicable co-existence. Until the election of Ronald Reagan this was a believable concept. President Regan believed that the containment policies did not expand far enough, He felt nauseous about the weapons being held by the foreign nations. He wanted new missiles, placed in Europe to help the United States to become immune to the first strike concept. His new policies become highly disputable and very unpopular in many of the surround foreign countries.\r\nIn 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed under the direction of Gorbachev and the wanted nd result of the accredited containment policy had been achieved, this marked the official close of that policy. All though, the US still keeps its military and missile bases in the areas around the former Soviet Union, â€Å"just to be on the safe side they say”, many events have effected the world and the current containment policies. As of 2005, the United States are listed as having at to the lowest degree 700 military bases around the world, like the ones in Iceland and Germany. rough up to date estimates suggest that the real number is much higher.\r\n'